Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张培震  邓起东  张国民  马瑾  甘卫军  闵伟  毛凤英  王琪 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(Z2)

The primary pattern of the late Cenozoic to the present tectonic deformation of China is characterized by relative movements and interactions of tectonic blocks. Active tectonic blocks are geological units that have been separated from each other by active tectonic zones. Boundaries between blocks are the highest gradient of differential movement. Most of tectonic activity occurs on boundaries of the blocks. Earthquakes are results of abrupt releases of accumulated strain energy that reaches the threshold of strength of the earth's crust. Boundaries of tectonic blocks are the locations of most discontinuous deformation and highest gradient of stress accumulation, thus are the most likely places for strain energy accumulation and releases, and in turn, devastating earthquakes. Almost all earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8 and 80%-90% of earthquakes of magnitude over 7 occur along boundaries of active tectonic blocks. This fact indicates that differential movements and interactions of active tectonic blocks are the primary mechanism for the occurrences of devastating earthquakes.  相似文献   

青海鄂拉山地区陆相火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李永祥  李善平  王树林  王磊  商健  张志青  赵海霞 《西北地质》2011,44(4):23-32

鄂拉山岩浆岩带晚三叠世火山岩为中-中酸性火山岩组合,由玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及少量火山碎屑岩等组成,岩石蚀变强烈,成层性差,柱状节理发育,具典型的陆相喷发特点.火山岩属铝饱和类型,里特曼指数(δ)及岩石学等显示具钙碱性特征, (FeO/MgO)、K2 O/Na2O显示可能具有陆缘岛弧环境的特性;轻稀土元素分馏程度高且富集,δEu小于1,为弱负异常,稀土元素配分模式曲线与岛弧型稀土元素配分模式图相似;微量元素Rb、Ba、Th等元素明显富集,而Ti、Y、Yb、Sc、Cr等元素较亏损.Nb/Zr、La/Nb、Th/Ta、Th×Ta/Hf2等特征反映鄂拉山组火山岩产于陆缘火山弧环境.结合区域地质背景、岩石地球化学及构造环境等特征,认为鄂拉山地区晚三叠世火山岩产于大陆碰撞与陆缘弧并存的环境.  相似文献   

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郭良迁  陈聚忠  塔拉 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(4):1-4

???????????????????????????????????????????α?????????????????????, ?о????????????????崹????????????????????????????α???????????????????????????????????????????????仯????ε?ò?????????????????????????????????????, ?????????????б??;????????????????????е???????????е???????е????????;????????????????1.00??2.00 mm/a??  相似文献   

煤矿深部巷道破裂围岩非线性大变形及支护对策研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘泉声  卢兴利 《岩土力学》2010,31(10):3273-3279

针对淮南矿区顾北煤矿-648 m水平南翼回风大巷围岩处于破裂状态,且表现出强烈非线性力学现象的特点,采用离散元计算软件UDEC,分析其变形破坏过程及非线性大变形机制,并在此基础上提出应用分步联合支护的技术方案进行支护,进而通过数值模拟与现场监控量测相结合的方法进行分析验证。结果表明,破裂围岩开挖后的变形破坏过程是一个渐近发展的过程,局部关键块体的垮落或滑移是导致其他部位失稳和巷道产生非线性大变形的主要原因;分步联合支护技术能实现巷道的长期稳定性,是一种有效控制深部巷道破裂围岩非线性大变形的支护型式。  相似文献   

The P-wave velocity structure of the lithosphere of the North China Craton——Results from the Wendeng-Alxa Left Banner deep seismic sounding profile   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ShuaiJun Wang  FuYun Wang  JianShi Zhang  ShiXu Jia  ChengKe Zhang  JinRen Zhao  BaoFeng Liu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(9):2053-2063

For the first time on the Chinese mainland, long-range wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profiling technology has been applied to seismic wave phases from different depths and with different attributes within the various blocks of the North China Craton to characterize the structure of the crust and upper mantle lithosphere. By comparative analysis of the seismic wave phase characteristics in each block across a 1500-km-long east-west profile, we have identified conventional Pg, Pci, PmP and Pn phases in the crust, made a clear contrast between PL1 and PL2 waves belonging to two groups of lithospheric-scale phases, and produced a model of crust-mantle velocity structures and tectonic characteristics after one- and two-dimensional calculations and processing. The results show that the thickness of the crust and lithosphere gradually deepens from east to west along the profile. However, at the reflection/refraction interface, seismic waves in each group show obvious localized changes in each block. Also, the depth to the crystalline basement changes greatly, from as much as 7.8 km in the North China fault basin to only about 2 km beneath the Jiaodong Peninsula and Taihang-Lüliang area. The Moho morphology as a whole ranges from shallow in the east to deep in the west, with the deepest point in the Ordos Block at 47 km; in contrast, the North China Plain Block is uplifting. The L1 interface of the lithosphere is observed only to the west of Taihang Mountains, at a relatively slowly changing depth of about 80 km. The L2 interface varies from 75 to 160 km and shows a sharp deepening to the west of Taihang Mountains, forming a mutation belt.  相似文献   

基于DXF文件的图件转换方法研究及程序实现   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚宜斌  孔建 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(1):117-122

通过对DXF中实体数据存储规则的研究,实现了在脱离CAD支持情况下,直接对DXF文件操作而完成图件转换功能的方法,并结合具体的工程项目编写了相应的图件转换程序。经过测试,其能实现图件在国家系与国家系、国家系与地方系以及地方系与地方系之间的自由转换,而且还实现了图件转换过程中图块的整体转换。  相似文献   

气举反循环钻进工艺高发钻铤折断事故分析          下载免费PDF全文

王松珍 《探矿工程》2019,46(7):34-40

气举反循环钻进工艺在漏失地层施工具有明显的优势,但是经过几个工地正反循环工艺的对比,发现相比于正循环,反循环钻进有钻具易折断的明显弱点。为了指导施工、充分发挥反循环钻进的优势和摒弃其弱点,对钻具在孔内的受力情况进行了分析,总结了反循环钻具易折断的原因,提出了预防措施,有效地减少了施工中钻具折断的事故。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯和塔里木地块运动与中国大陆强震关系探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘明军  樊计昌  韩艳杰  王士华  胡中民  莘海亮  赵丽 《地震》2011,31(1):127-134

本文在综合分析地质、 古地磁、 GPS和地震活动资料的基础上, 讨论了鄂尔多斯和塔里木地块的运动与中国大陆强震的关系。 鄂尔多斯和塔里木地块同为中国大陆古老、 完整、 坚固的地块, 内部结构简单。 而两个地块周缘断陷带或挤压造山带较破碎, 其内部结构较复杂。 综合研究表明, 鄂尔多斯地块的整体向东平移并叠加逆时针旋转的运动控制着周缘走滑断裂和地震活动; 塔里木地块向北平移叠加的顺时针旋转及向周缘造山带的俯冲导致周缘断裂和强震的发生。 尽管天山构造带为主要的地震带, 但塔里木地块与天山造山带边界的M_S≥6.0地震主要受塔里木地块运动的影响。 像鄂尔多斯和塔里木这样传统意义上的稳定地块, 实质上是边界强震的主要贡献者。 鄂尔多斯和塔里木完整坚固地块的整体运动, 对其周缘强震的发生起着关键作用。  相似文献   

Rigid block based lower bound limit analysis method for stability analysis of fractured rock mass considering rock bridge effects     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

A rigid block based lower bound limit analysis method for analyzing stability of fractured rock mass in 2D and 3D conditions is proposed. The rock bridge effects are considered in the general formation. No assumptions are imposed on the inter-element forces, and the solution obtained is statically admissible. The proposed method is theoretically rigorous and simple. The validation and efficiency of the proposed method have been demonstrated through three typical types of slopes, indicating that apart from the fractures, rock bridge plays a key role in stabilizing rock blocks, which should be greatly concerned in stability analysis of rock mass.  相似文献   

三维距离势离散单元法     

刘勋楠  赵兰浩  毛佳  许栋 《岩土力学》2018,39(7):2639-2650

通过定义距离势函数,提出一种适用于空间任意凸多面体单元的三维距离势函数离散单元法。该方法采用归一化的计算方式,将势函数表征为接触体间的距离函数,并基于此建立接触力计算方程,明确了势函数的物理意义,使接触力计算更加合理,无需对各种可能的接触形式进行差异化处理。新方法克服了原有势函数物理意义不明、接触力计算受单元形式影响等重要缺陷,并突破了四面体单元的限制,可采用空间任意凸多面体单元。通过若干算例说明新方法的正确性和有效性。数值模拟结果表明新方法能够很好处理空间任意多面体单元复杂接触变换过程,准确处理复杂非连续介质的运动过程。  相似文献